Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 CountriespublishedVersio

Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed

Gender gap in parental leave intentions: Evidence from 37 countries

This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.SSHRC Insight Development GrantSSHRC Insight GrantEconomic and Social Research CouncilState Research AgencyGuangdong 13th-five Philosophy and Social Science Planning ProjectNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaSwiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science FoundationCenter for Social Conflict and Cohesion StudiesCenter for Intercultural and Indigenous ResearchSSHRC Postdoctoral FellowshipSlovak Research and Development AgencySwiss National Science FoundationCanada Research ChairsSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaOntario Ministry of Research and InnovationHSE University, RFFaculty of Arts, Masaryk Universit

Precise timing of the Late Ordovician (Sandbian) super-eruptions and associated environmental, biological, and climatological events

Two of the largest known eruptions in the Phanerozoic produced the Ordovician Millbrig K-bentonite of North America and the Kinnekulle K-bentonite of Scandinavia, which have been previously suggested to be coeval. The Millbrig K-bentonite from Kentucky, USA and the Kinnekulle K-bentonite from Bornholm, Denmark yielded chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon dates of 452.86 ± 0.29 and 454.41 ± 0.17 Ma (2σ analytical uncertainty), respectively, thus showing significant age differences contrary to what is generally held. These data and four additional newly dated K-bentonites directly establish the first radioisotopic age constraints for the Ordovician Katian–Sandbian global stage boundary, refine global stratigraphic correlations, date associated chemostratigraphic events, and suggest an alternative volcanic–climate hypothesis for the Late Ordovicia

Hirnantian Isotope Carbon Excursion in Gorny Altai, southwestern Siberia

The Hirnantian Isotope Carbon Excursion (HICE), a glaciation-induced positive δ13C shift in the end-Ordovician successions, has been widely used in chemostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician–Silurian boundary beds in many areas of the world. However, large regions with Ordovician sediments in Siberia are almost unstudied for stable isotope chemostratigraphy. The Burovlyanka section in the Altai area is one of the rare Hirnantian–Rhuddanian sections with both carbonates and graptolitiferous shales occurring in the succession. Here we report the discovery of the HICE in the uppermost beds of the Tekhten¢ Formation, the Dalmanitina Beds in the Burovlyanka section. The Dalmanitina limestone Member between the graptolitiferous shales may correspond to the mid-Hirnantian glacial episode, which led to a global sea level drop and major extinction of marine fauna

Distribution of phosphorus in the Middle and Upper Ordovician Baltoscandian carbonate palaeobasin

Baltoscandian Middle and Upper Ordovician carbonate rocks are relatively poor in phosphorus, with the P2O5 content of 0.05–0.5%, rarely exceeding 1%. Phosphorus distribution in the Ordovician carbonate succession shows spatial and temporal variations. In the Estonian Shelf P content is the highest in the Middle Ordovician, close to the Tremadocian P-rich siliciclastic sediments, decreasing towards younger carbonate rocks. In the basinal, i.e. deep shelf, sections two intervals of elevated P contents occur: the first is similar to the shallow shelf in the lowermost Darriwilian, the second is a moderate P increase in the upper Darriwilian–Sandbian interval. The Darriwilian–Sandbian interval of elevated P content in the deep shelf sections roughly corresponds to algal kukersite accumulations in the shallow shelf. Multiple processes determined phosphorus distribution in the studied sediments. Regional processes influencing P distribution include seawater circulation, e.g. P influx by coastal upwellings, and sedimentation rate. Global oceanic variation in bioproduction (δ13C trends) had no positive effect on P accumulation in the Baltoscandian epeiric sea